Commercial Asphalt Roof
Asphalt roofing is a widely popular choice for commercial buildings, known for its cost-effectiveness, durability, and ease of installation. While other roofing materials like metal, tile, and slate offer distinct advantages, asphalt remains a compelling option for many business owners and property managers. This comprehensive guide will explore the various aspects of commercial asphalt roofing, covering its types, benefits, installation process, maintenance requirements, and factors to consider when making a decision.
Understanding Commercial Asphalt Roofing
Commercial asphalt roofing differs from residential roofing in several key aspects. Commercial roofs are generally larger and flatter, requiring different installation techniques and materials to ensure proper drainage and weather resistance. The scale of commercial projects also necessitates a more robust approach to material selection, considering factors like foot traffic, HVAC unit placement, and overall building design. Let’s delve into the specifics of commercial asphalt roofing systems.
Types of Commercial Asphalt Roofing
Asphalt roofing for commercial buildings is primarily available in two main types: built-up roofing (BUR) and modified bitumen roofing.
Built-Up Roofing (BUR)
Built-up roofing is a traditional asphalt roofing system consisting of multiple layers of asphalt and reinforcing fabrics, such as fiberglass or felt. These layers are applied in alternating fashion, creating a durable and waterproof membrane. The top layer is typically finished with gravel or other reflective materials to protect the asphalt from UV radiation and reduce heat absorption. BUR systems are known for their long lifespan and excellent water resistance, making them suitable for low-slope or flat roofs.
The installation process for BUR involves heating the asphalt to a high temperature and applying it with specialized equipment. The layers of fabric are then embedded in the hot asphalt, creating a seamless and robust roofing surface. The number of layers, or plies, determines the overall thickness and durability of the roof. A typical BUR system may consist of three to five plies.
Advantages of BUR include its proven track record, excellent fire resistance, and relatively low cost compared to some other commercial roofing options. However, BUR installation can be labor-intensive and requires specialized expertise. The hot asphalt application also poses safety concerns, requiring careful handling and adherence to safety regulations.
Modified Bitumen Roofing
Modified bitumen roofing is a more modern asphalt roofing system that incorporates polymers to enhance the asphalt’s properties. These polymers, such as styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and atactic polypropylene (APP), improve the asphalt’s flexibility, elasticity, and resistance to temperature changes. Modified bitumen roofing is typically available in rolls that are either torch-applied, self-adhered, or cold-applied.
SBS-modified bitumen is known for its rubber-like qualities, providing excellent flexibility and elongation. This makes it well-suited for roofs that experience significant movement or temperature fluctuations. APP-modified bitumen, on the other hand, offers enhanced UV resistance and can be installed using a torch-applied method, creating a strong and durable bond. Self-adhered modified bitumen eliminates the need for torches or hot asphalt, making it a safer and more environmentally friendly option.
Advantages of modified bitumen roofing include its ease of installation, improved flexibility, and enhanced weather resistance compared to traditional BUR systems. It also offers a variety of installation methods, allowing for greater flexibility in project planning and execution. However, modified bitumen may be slightly more expensive than BUR, and its lifespan may be shorter depending on the specific product and installation quality.
Asphalt Shingles for Commercial Applications
While typically associated with residential roofing, asphalt shingles can also be used in certain commercial applications, particularly for steep-sloped roofs. Architectural or dimensional shingles, with their multi-layered design and enhanced aesthetic appeal, are a popular choice for commercial buildings that require a more visually appealing roofing solution. These shingles offer greater durability and wind resistance compared to traditional three-tab shingles.
When considering asphalt shingles for a commercial roof, it’s important to choose products that are specifically designed for commercial use and meet the required performance standards. Factors such as wind resistance, fire rating, and impact resistance should be carefully evaluated to ensure the roof’s long-term durability and safety. Proper installation is also crucial to prevent leaks and ensure the roof’s overall performance.
Benefits of Commercial Asphalt Roofing
Commercial asphalt roofing offers a range of benefits that make it a popular choice for businesses and property owners. These benefits include:
Cost-Effectiveness
Asphalt roofing is generally more affordable than other commercial roofing materials, such as metal, tile, or slate. This makes it an attractive option for budget-conscious businesses and property owners who are looking for a reliable and durable roofing solution without breaking the bank. The lower material costs and relatively straightforward installation process contribute to the overall cost-effectiveness of asphalt roofing.
Durability and Longevity
When properly installed and maintained, commercial asphalt roofing can provide decades of reliable performance. BUR systems, in particular, are known for their long lifespan, often lasting 20 to 30 years or more. Modified bitumen roofing can also offer excellent durability, with lifespans ranging from 15 to 25 years, depending on the specific product and installation quality. The durability of asphalt roofing is enhanced by its resistance to water, wind, and fire, providing long-term protection for the building and its occupants.
Ease of Installation
Compared to some other commercial roofing materials, asphalt roofing is relatively easy to install. This can translate to lower labor costs and faster project completion times. Modified bitumen roofing, in particular, offers a variety of installation methods, including self-adhered options that eliminate the need for torches or hot asphalt. The ease of installation makes asphalt roofing a convenient and efficient choice for commercial building projects.
Water Resistance
Asphalt roofing is inherently waterproof, providing excellent protection against leaks and water damage. The multiple layers of asphalt and reinforcing fabrics in BUR systems create a seamless and impermeable membrane that prevents water penetration. Modified bitumen roofing also offers exceptional water resistance, thanks to the polymers that enhance the asphalt’s properties. The water resistance of asphalt roofing is crucial for protecting the building’s structure and preventing costly repairs caused by water damage.
Fire Resistance
Many commercial asphalt roofing products have excellent fire resistance ratings, providing added protection for the building and its occupants. BUR systems, in particular, are known for their fire resistance, due to the multiple layers of asphalt and reinforcing fabrics. Modified bitumen roofing can also offer good fire resistance, depending on the specific product and its fire rating. The fire resistance of asphalt roofing can help to slow the spread of fire and provide valuable time for evacuation and fire suppression efforts.
Versatility
Asphalt roofing can be used on a variety of commercial building types, including offices, retail stores, warehouses, and industrial facilities. It is suitable for both low-slope and steep-slope roofs, offering flexibility in design and application. Asphalt shingles can also be used on commercial buildings with steep-sloped roofs, providing a more aesthetically pleasing roofing solution. The versatility of asphalt roofing makes it a suitable choice for a wide range of commercial building projects.
Commercial Asphalt Roof Installation Process
The installation of a commercial asphalt roof is a complex process that requires specialized skills and equipment. It’s crucial to hire a qualified and experienced roofing contractor to ensure the job is done correctly and safely. Here’s a general overview of the installation process:
Preparation
The first step in the installation process is to prepare the roof deck. This involves removing any existing roofing materials, inspecting the deck for damage, and making any necessary repairs. The deck must be clean, dry, and structurally sound to provide a solid base for the new roofing system. Any damaged or rotted wood should be replaced before proceeding with the installation.
Underlayment
Once the roof deck is prepared, an underlayment is installed. The underlayment is a layer of waterproof material that provides an extra barrier against water penetration. It is typically made of asphalt-saturated felt or synthetic materials. The underlayment is installed over the entire roof deck, overlapping the edges to create a watertight seal.
Base Sheet (for BUR and Modified Bitumen)
For BUR and modified bitumen roofing systems, a base sheet is typically installed over the underlayment. The base sheet provides a smooth and uniform surface for the subsequent layers of asphalt and reinforcing fabrics or modified bitumen rolls. The base sheet is typically attached to the underlayment with nails or asphalt adhesive.
Asphalt and Reinforcing Fabrics (for BUR)
For BUR systems, the next step is to apply the layers of hot asphalt and reinforcing fabrics. The asphalt is heated to a high temperature and applied with specialized equipment. The layers of fabric are then embedded in the hot asphalt, creating a seamless and robust roofing surface. The number of layers, or plies, determines the overall thickness and durability of the roof.
Modified Bitumen Rolls (for Modified Bitumen)
For modified bitumen roofing systems, the rolls of modified bitumen are applied over the base sheet. The installation method depends on the specific product. Torch-applied modified bitumen is heated with a torch and rolled onto the base sheet, creating a strong and durable bond. Self-adhered modified bitumen has a peel-and-stick backing that is removed to expose an adhesive layer. The roll is then rolled onto the base sheet, creating a watertight seal.
Surface Finish
The final step in the installation process is to apply a surface finish. For BUR systems, the surface finish is typically gravel or other reflective materials. This protects the asphalt from UV radiation and reduces heat absorption. For modified bitumen systems, the surface finish may be a granular cap sheet or a reflective coating. The surface finish provides added protection and enhances the roof’s aesthetic appeal.
Flashing
Flashing is a crucial component of any roofing system. It is used to seal areas where the roof meets walls, chimneys, vents, and other penetrations. Flashing prevents water from entering the building and causing damage. Proper flashing installation is essential for the long-term performance of the roof.
Commercial Asphalt Roof Maintenance
Regular maintenance is essential for extending the lifespan of a commercial asphalt roof and preventing costly repairs. A proactive maintenance program should include:
Regular Inspections
Conducting regular inspections is crucial for identifying potential problems early on. Inspections should be performed at least twice a year, in the spring and fall, as well as after severe weather events. Look for signs of damage, such as cracks, blisters, punctures, and missing granules. Pay close attention to areas around flashing, vents, and other penetrations.
Cleaning
Keep the roof clean by removing debris, such as leaves, branches, and dirt. This will prevent the buildup of moisture and algae, which can damage the roofing materials. Use a soft broom or a leaf blower to remove debris. Avoid using harsh chemicals or power washers, as these can damage the roof surface.
Gutter Maintenance
Ensure that the gutters and downspouts are clean and free of debris. Clogged gutters can cause water to back up onto the roof, leading to leaks and water damage. Clean the gutters at least twice a year, or more often if necessary. Install gutter guards to prevent debris from entering the gutters.
Repairing Damage
Address any damage promptly. Small cracks and blisters can be repaired with asphalt sealant. More extensive damage may require patching or replacing damaged sections of the roof. Prompt repairs will prevent the damage from worsening and extend the lifespan of the roof.
Professional Maintenance
Consider hiring a professional roofing contractor to perform regular maintenance on your commercial asphalt roof. A professional contractor can identify potential problems that you may not notice and perform necessary repairs and maintenance tasks. A professional maintenance program can help to extend the lifespan of your roof and prevent costly repairs.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Commercial Asphalt Roof
When choosing a commercial asphalt roof, there are several factors to consider to ensure you select the best option for your building and budget. These factors include:
Climate
The climate in your area will play a significant role in determining the best type of asphalt roofing for your building. In areas with extreme temperatures or frequent freeze-thaw cycles, modified bitumen roofing may be a better choice than BUR, due to its enhanced flexibility and resistance to temperature changes. In areas with high winds, it’s important to choose roofing materials with a high wind resistance rating. Consider the specific climate conditions in your area and choose roofing materials that are designed to withstand those conditions.
Building Use
The use of your building will also influence your roofing decision. Buildings with high foot traffic or heavy equipment on the roof may require a more durable roofing system, such as a BUR system with multiple plies. Buildings with sensitive equipment or materials inside may require a roofing system with excellent water resistance to prevent leaks and water damage. Consider the specific needs of your building and choose a roofing system that can meet those needs.
Budget
Your budget will also play a role in your roofing decision. Asphalt roofing is generally more affordable than other commercial roofing materials, but the cost can vary depending on the type of roofing system and the installation requirements. Get quotes from several different roofing contractors and compare the costs and benefits of each option. Consider the long-term costs of the roofing system, including maintenance and potential repairs, as well as the initial cost of installation.
Warranty
Choose a roofing system with a comprehensive warranty. The warranty should cover both materials and labor. Read the warranty carefully to understand what is covered and what is not. A good warranty will provide peace of mind and protect you against unexpected repairs or replacement costs.
Contractor Reputation
Hire a qualified and experienced roofing contractor to install your commercial asphalt roof. Check the contractor’s references and read online reviews. Make sure the contractor is licensed and insured. A reputable contractor will provide a high-quality installation and stand behind their work.
Energy Efficiency
Consider the energy efficiency of the roofing system. Some asphalt roofing products are designed to reflect sunlight and reduce heat absorption, which can lower cooling costs. Cool roofing systems can also help to reduce the urban heat island effect. Look for roofing products that are ENERGY STAR certified.
Aesthetics
Consider the aesthetic appearance of the roofing system. Asphalt shingles are available in a variety of colors and styles, allowing you to choose a roofing system that complements the building’s design. The appearance of the roof can enhance the building’s curb appeal and increase its value.
Cost of Commercial Asphalt Roofing
The cost of a commercial asphalt roof can vary widely depending on several factors, including the size of the roof, the type of roofing system, the complexity of the installation, and the location of the building. Here’s a general overview of the cost considerations:
Materials
The cost of the roofing materials will be a significant factor in the overall cost of the project. BUR systems typically have lower material costs than modified bitumen systems, but the labor costs for BUR installation can be higher. Asphalt shingles are generally less expensive than both BUR and modified bitumen, but they are typically only suitable for steep-sloped roofs.
Labor
The labor costs for installing a commercial asphalt roof can vary depending on the complexity of the installation and the experience of the roofing contractor. BUR installation is typically more labor-intensive than modified bitumen installation. Asphalt shingle installation is generally less labor-intensive than both BUR and modified bitumen, but the labor costs can vary depending on the complexity of the roof design.
Permits and Fees
You will need to obtain the necessary permits and pay any applicable fees before starting the roofing project. The cost of permits and fees can vary depending on the location of the building and the local building codes.
Removal and Disposal
If you are replacing an existing roof, you will need to pay for the removal and disposal of the old roofing materials. The cost of removal and disposal can vary depending on the type of roofing materials and the disposal fees in your area.
Additional Costs
There may be additional costs associated with the roofing project, such as repairs to the roof deck, flashing replacement, and gutter replacement. It’s important to get a detailed estimate from the roofing contractor that includes all of these potential costs.
As a general guideline, the cost of a commercial asphalt roof can range from $4 to $10 per square foot, installed. This is just an estimate, and the actual cost may be higher or lower depending on the specific circumstances of your project. It’s important to get quotes from several different roofing contractors and compare the costs and benefits of each option.
Conclusion
Commercial asphalt roofing remains a viable and practical solution for many businesses and property owners. Its cost-effectiveness, durability, and ease of installation make it a compelling option for a wide range of building types and applications. By understanding the different types of asphalt roofing systems, their benefits, the installation process, and the importance of regular maintenance, you can make an informed decision and ensure the long-term performance of your commercial roof. Remember to choose a qualified and experienced roofing contractor to ensure the job is done correctly and safely, protecting your investment and providing peace of mind for years to come.