Tar Roof Shingles: A Comprehensive Guide
Tar roof shingles, often referred to as asphalt shingles, have been a mainstay in the roofing industry for over a century. Their affordability, durability, and ease of installation have made them a popular choice for homeowners across the globe. This comprehensive guide will delve into the intricacies of tar roof shingles, exploring their history, types, installation processes, maintenance requirements, advantages, disadvantages, and future trends. Whether you’re a seasoned roofing professional or a homeowner considering a new roof, this guide aims to provide you with a thorough understanding of tar roof shingles.
A Brief History of Tar Roof Shingles
The story of tar roof shingles begins in the mid-19th century. Before their advent, roofs were typically constructed from materials like wood shakes, slate, or clay tiles. While these materials offered varying degrees of protection, they often came with significant drawbacks, such as high cost, heavy weight, or susceptibility to fire. In 1863, Henry Reynolds patented a process for manufacturing asphalt shingles, marking a turning point in roofing history. These early shingles were made by saturating felt paper with coal tar, a byproduct of the coal gasification process. The saturated felt was then coated with a layer of asphalt and surfaced with sand or crushed slate.
The introduction of asphalt shingles offered a more affordable and lightweight alternative to traditional roofing materials. Their fire-resistant properties also made them an attractive option for homeowners concerned about safety. Over the years, the manufacturing process has undergone significant improvements, resulting in shingles that are more durable, weather-resistant, and aesthetically pleasing. Today, asphalt shingles are the most widely used roofing material in North America and many other parts of the world.
Types of Tar Roof Shingles
While the term “tar roof shingles” is often used interchangeably with “asphalt shingles,” it’s important to understand the different types available. Asphalt shingles can be broadly categorized into two main types: organic and fiberglass.
Organic Asphalt Shingles
Organic asphalt shingles were the original type of asphalt shingle. They are made by saturating a felt mat, typically made from recycled paper, with asphalt. The saturated mat is then coated with a layer of asphalt and surfaced with granules. Organic shingles are known for their flexibility and ability to conform to uneven roof surfaces. They also tend to be heavier than fiberglass shingles, offering slightly better sound insulation. However, organic shingles are more susceptible to moisture absorption, which can lead to curling, cracking, and algae growth. Due to their higher susceptibility to moisture damage and environmental concerns related to the production of the felt mat, organic shingles are becoming less common and are often phased out by manufacturers.
Fiberglass Asphalt Shingles
Fiberglass asphalt shingles, also known as composite shingles, have largely replaced organic shingles in the market. They are made by coating a fiberglass mat with asphalt and surfacing it with granules. Fiberglass shingles are lighter than organic shingles, making them easier to handle and install. They are also more resistant to moisture absorption, fire, and algae growth. Fiberglass shingles are generally more durable and have a longer lifespan than organic shingles. They are also considered to be more environmentally friendly, as they require less asphalt to manufacture.
Within the fiberglass shingle category, there are several different styles to choose from:
3-Tab Shingles
3-tab shingles are the most basic and affordable type of asphalt shingle. They are characterized by their uniform size and shape, with three distinct tabs that create a flat, uniform appearance. 3-tab shingles are relatively easy to install and are a good option for homeowners on a tight budget. However, they are less durable than other types of asphalt shingles and have a shorter lifespan, typically around 20-25 years. They also offer less wind resistance and are more prone to damage in severe weather.
Architectural Shingles
Architectural shingles, also known as dimensional or laminated shingles, are a more premium type of asphalt shingle. They are made with multiple layers of asphalt and fiberglass, creating a thicker, more textured appearance. Architectural shingles are more durable and weather-resistant than 3-tab shingles, with a lifespan of 30-50 years or more. They also offer better wind resistance and can withstand higher wind speeds. Architectural shingles are available in a wide range of colors and styles, allowing homeowners to create a more customized and aesthetically pleasing roof.
Premium Shingles
Premium shingles represent the highest quality and most expensive type of asphalt shingle. They are often designed to mimic the look of natural materials like slate or wood shake, but at a fraction of the cost. Premium shingles are made with the highest quality materials and manufacturing processes, resulting in exceptional durability, weather resistance, and longevity. They often come with extended warranties and are designed to withstand extreme weather conditions. Premium shingles are a great option for homeowners who want the best possible protection for their home and are willing to invest in a high-quality roofing system.
Asphalt Shingle Installation Process
Proper installation is crucial for ensuring the longevity and performance of your asphalt shingle roof. While it’s possible to install asphalt shingles yourself, it’s generally recommended to hire a qualified roofing contractor. A professional contractor will have the experience, skills, and equipment necessary to ensure that the job is done correctly.
Here’s a general overview of the asphalt shingle installation process:
Preparation
The first step in the installation process is to prepare the roof deck. This involves removing any existing roofing materials, inspecting the roof deck for damage, and making any necessary repairs. The roof deck should be clean, dry, and structurally sound. Any damaged or rotten wood should be replaced before proceeding.
Underlayment
Once the roof deck is prepared, a layer of underlayment is installed. Underlayment is a water-resistant barrier that provides an extra layer of protection against leaks. It’s typically made from asphalt-saturated felt or synthetic materials. The underlayment is rolled out over the roof deck and secured with nails or staples, overlapping the seams to create a watertight seal.
Drip Edge
Drip edge is a metal flashing that is installed along the edges of the roof to prevent water from running behind the fascia and causing damage. It’s typically installed along the eaves and rakes (sloping edges) of the roof. The drip edge is secured with nails or screws.
Starter Course
The starter course is the first row of shingles that is installed along the eaves of the roof. It’s typically made from a special type of shingle that is designed to provide a clean, straight edge. The starter course is installed with the adhesive strip facing upwards, so that it will bond to the first row of shingles.
Shingle Installation
The remaining shingles are installed in overlapping rows, starting from the bottom and working upwards. Each shingle is secured with nails, typically four to six nails per shingle. The nails should be driven straight and flush with the surface of the shingle. It’s important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for nail placement and shingle overlap.
Flashing
Flashing is a metal material that is used to seal areas around chimneys, vents, skylights, and other roof penetrations. It’s designed to prevent water from leaking into the home. Flashing is typically made from aluminum, copper, or steel. It’s installed in overlapping layers to create a watertight seal.
Ridge Cap
Ridge cap is a special type of shingle that is used to cover the ridge (peak) of the roof. It’s designed to provide a finished look and to protect the ridge from water damage. Ridge cap shingles are typically installed with nails and roofing cement.
Maintaining Your Tar Roof Shingles
Proper maintenance is essential for extending the lifespan of your asphalt shingle roof. Regular inspections and timely repairs can help prevent minor problems from escalating into major ones.
Regular Inspections
It’s recommended to inspect your roof at least twice a year, ideally in the spring and fall. Look for any signs of damage, such as missing, cracked, or curled shingles. Check for loose or damaged flashing around chimneys, vents, and skylights. Also, inspect your gutters and downspouts to ensure that they are clean and free of debris.
Cleaning
Over time, asphalt shingles can accumulate dirt, algae, and moss. This can not only detract from the appearance of your roof but also damage the shingles. You can clean your roof using a soft-bristled brush and a mild detergent solution. Avoid using a pressure washer, as it can damage the shingles. There are also specialized roof cleaning solutions available that are designed to kill algae and moss without harming the shingles.
Gutter Maintenance
Clogged gutters can cause water to back up onto the roof, leading to leaks and water damage. It’s important to clean your gutters regularly, especially in the fall when leaves are falling. You can also install gutter guards to prevent leaves and debris from accumulating in the gutters.
Tree Trimming
Overhanging tree branches can damage your roof in several ways. They can scrape against the shingles, causing them to wear down prematurely. They can also drop leaves and debris onto the roof, which can clog gutters and promote algae growth. It’s important to trim any overhanging tree branches to prevent them from damaging your roof.
Snow Removal
In areas with heavy snowfall, it’s important to remove excess snow from your roof to prevent ice dams from forming. Ice dams are formed when snow melts and refreezes at the edge of the roof, creating a barrier that prevents water from draining properly. This can lead to water backing up under the shingles and causing leaks. You can remove snow from your roof using a roof rake. Be careful not to damage the shingles while removing the snow.
Professional Repairs
If you notice any signs of damage to your roof, it’s important to have it repaired as soon as possible. Small repairs can often be handled by a homeowner, but larger repairs should be done by a qualified roofing contractor. A professional contractor will have the experience and expertise to properly diagnose the problem and make the necessary repairs.
Pros and Cons of Tar Roof Shingles
Like any roofing material, tar roof shingles have their own set of advantages and disadvantages. Understanding these pros and cons can help you make an informed decision about whether asphalt shingles are the right choice for your home.
Pros
- Affordability: Asphalt shingles are one of the most affordable roofing materials available.
- Durability: Asphalt shingles are relatively durable and can withstand a variety of weather conditions.
- Ease of Installation: Asphalt shingles are relatively easy to install, making them a popular choice for both professional contractors and DIYers.
- Variety of Styles and Colors: Asphalt shingles are available in a wide range of styles and colors, allowing homeowners to create a customized look for their home.
- Fire Resistance: Asphalt shingles offer good fire resistance, which can help protect your home from fire damage.
- Low Maintenance: Asphalt shingles require relatively little maintenance, making them a convenient option for homeowners.
- Wide Availability: Asphalt shingles are readily available at most home improvement stores and roofing supply companies.
Cons
- Shorter Lifespan: Asphalt shingles have a shorter lifespan compared to other roofing materials, such as slate or tile.
- Environmental Concerns: The production of asphalt shingles can have negative environmental impacts.
- Susceptibility to Algae Growth: Asphalt shingles are susceptible to algae growth, which can stain the roof and detract from its appearance.
- Lower Wind Resistance: 3-tab asphalt shingles have lower wind resistance compared to architectural or premium shingles.
- Heat Absorption: Asphalt shingles can absorb heat, which can increase your home’s cooling costs.
Cost of Tar Roof Shingles
The cost of asphalt shingles can vary depending on several factors, including the type of shingle, the size of the roof, and the location of your home. Generally, 3-tab shingles are the least expensive, while architectural and premium shingles are more expensive. The cost of installation can also vary depending on the complexity of the roof and the labor rates in your area.
As a general guideline, you can expect to pay between $3 and $5 per square foot for asphalt shingles installed. This includes the cost of the shingles, underlayment, flashing, and labor. The total cost of a new asphalt shingle roof for an average-sized home (approximately 2,000 square feet) can range from $6,000 to $10,000 or more.
It’s important to get quotes from several different roofing contractors before making a decision. Be sure to ask for a detailed breakdown of the costs, including the cost of materials, labor, and any other fees. Also, check the contractor’s references and make sure they are licensed and insured.
Future Trends in Tar Roof Shingles
The roofing industry is constantly evolving, and new technologies and materials are being developed all the time. Here are some of the future trends in tar roof shingles:
Cool Roof Technology
Cool roof technology is designed to reflect sunlight and reduce heat absorption. This can help lower your home’s cooling costs and improve its energy efficiency. Cool roof shingles are typically made with special reflective granules that bounce sunlight away from the roof.
Solar Shingles
Solar shingles are photovoltaic cells that are integrated into the shingles themselves. They can generate electricity from sunlight, allowing you to power your home with renewable energy. Solar shingles are becoming increasingly popular as the cost of solar technology decreases.
Recycled Materials
Manufacturers are increasingly using recycled materials in the production of asphalt shingles. This can help reduce the environmental impact of roofing and conserve natural resources. Some shingles are made with recycled asphalt, recycled plastic, or recycled rubber.
Enhanced Durability
Manufacturers are constantly working to improve the durability and longevity of asphalt shingles. New technologies and materials are being developed to make shingles more resistant to wind, hail, and other weather conditions. Some shingles are now being offered with extended warranties of 50 years or more.
Smart Roofing Systems
Smart roofing systems are integrated with sensors and monitoring devices that can track the performance of the roof and alert homeowners to potential problems. These systems can monitor things like temperature, moisture levels, and wind speed. They can also provide data that can be used to optimize the roof’s performance and extend its lifespan.
Conclusion
Tar roof shingles, or asphalt shingles, remain a popular and practical choice for homeowners seeking a durable, affordable, and versatile roofing solution. While they may not possess the longevity of some premium roofing materials, advancements in technology and manufacturing continue to enhance their performance and sustainability. By understanding the different types of asphalt shingles, proper installation techniques, and essential maintenance practices, homeowners can maximize the lifespan and value of their roofing investment. As the roofing industry continues to innovate, expect to see further improvements in asphalt shingle technology, including enhanced durability, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Whether you choose traditional 3-tab shingles, architectural shingles, or premium options, a well-maintained asphalt shingle roof provides reliable protection and aesthetic appeal for your home for years to come.